Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising thermochemical process that transforms wet biomass into a carbon-rich material known as hydrochar, without the need for energy-intense drying. This ...

Carbon fibers consist of thin filaments (5–10 micrometers in diameter) made of long chains of carbon atoms arranged in a polycrystalline structure. These fibers contain 92–100 wt% anisotropic carbon ...